Aphra Behn: Trailblazing Playwright Facing Misogyny
Despite trailblazing as the first female professional playwright in England, Aphra Behn faced challenges and criticism. Despite her talent and contributions to Restoration comedy, she encountered opposition and misogyny, leading to the perception of her as a “disappointment” in the eyes of some contemporaries. Behn’s bold exploration of gender roles and female sexuality through her work challenged societal norms, but also drew ire from critics who dismissed her writing as scandalous or improper.
Restoration England: A Comedy of Manners and Intellectual Revolution
Step into the lively and scandalous world of Restoration England, a period when comedy and intellect flourished like never before.
Restoration Comedy: A Mirrored Society
Restoration comedy was the scandalous mirror held up to society, reflecting its bawdy humor, witty repartee, and undeniable social commentary. Playwrights like William Congreve and George Etherege skewered societal hypocrisy, vanity, and sexual intrigue, making their audiences laugh while holding them up for scrutiny.
Augustan Age: Reason and Order Take the Stage
The Augustan Age that followed shared some similarities with Restoration comedy, but it brought a new emphasis on reason, order, and morality. Intellectuals and writers like John Dryden and Alexander Pope sought to create works of enduring value, inspired by classical models. This era marked a shift towards neoclassicism, characterized by balance, clarity, and restraint.
Literary Luminaries of Restoration England: Dryden, Behn, and Beyond
Restoration Comedy: A Titillating Reflection of Society
During the Restoration period, comedy flourished as a genre that mirrored and mocked the social norms and eccentricities of the time. These plays, known for their witty banter, racy plots, and satirical undertones, provided a scintillating glimpse into the lives and minds of Restoration England.
John Dryden: The Master of Restoration Drama
John Dryden, a towering figure in Restoration literature, left an indelible mark on the theatrical landscape. His comedies, such as “Marriage à la Mode“, showcased his exceptional wit, biting satire, and keen understanding of human folly. Dryden’s plays captivated audiences with their scathing portrayals of Restoration society, especially its obsession with social status, wealth, and appearances.
Aphra Behn: A Trailblazing Female Playwright
Aphra Behn, a pioneering woman in the literary world, shattered glass ceilings with her groundbreaking plays and novels. As a fearless female playwright, Behn challenged the male-dominated theater scene and penned comedies that explored gender roles, sexual politics, and the complexities of love. Her plays, such as “The Rover,” offered a rare and provocative perspective on society from a female point of view.
Augustan Literature: Reason Rules the Day
As the Restoration era gave way to the Augustan Age, literature underwent a philosophical shift. The neoclassical principles of reason, order, and morality permeated Augustan works. Authors sought to emulate the classics and create literature that was edifying, didactic, and above all, rational.
Let these extraordinary writers transport you back to the vibrant and tumultuous world of Restoration England. Their works offer a timeless commentary on the human condition and a fascinating glimpse into a pivotal era in literary history.
Society
Society in Restoration England: A Tale of Transformation
Restoration England witnessed significant societal shifts that left an enduring mark on literature and culture. Let’s delve into some of the key aspects:
Gender Roles: A Changing Landscape
During this period, traditional gender roles began to blur, particularly for women. Aphra Behn emerged as a groundbreaking playwright, challenging the male-dominated theater scene. Women also gained more freedom in expressing their opinions and pursuing education. Yet, despite these advancements, gender inequality persisted, with men still holding the upper hand in social and political spheres.
Social Class: A Rigid Hierarchy
Social class in Restoration England was a rigid ladder. At the top perched the aristocracy, wealthy landowners with immense power and influence. Below them were merchants, professionals, and skilled craftspeople, followed by the working classes. This hierarchy dictated daily life, from opportunities to social interactions. Satirists like John Dryden often poked fun at the snobbishness and hypocrisy of the upper classes.
Political Satire: A Sharp Tongue
Politics played a significant role in shaping literature during this period. The Restoration era was marked by political turmoil, with the monarchy, parliament, and religious factions vying for power. Writers like Samuel Pepys recorded the scandalous antics of the court in his famous Diary, while playwrights used comedy to lampoon politicians and social issues.
Women’s Rights: A Growing Voice
While women faced significant limitations, the Restoration period also saw a growing awareness of women’s rights. Mary Astell and other writers advocated for women’s education and legal protection. Though progress was slow, these early voices laid the foundation for future feminist movements.