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Among the leading manufacturers in the orthopaedic industry, Zimmer Biomet stands out as a reputable company specializing in the production of gamma nails. These devices play a crucial role in the treatment of fractures, providing stability and alignment during the healing process. Zimmer Biomet’s commitment to innovation and quality makes it a trusted choice for…

Nail fold telangiectasia is a characteristic dermatologic feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. It appears as small, dilated blood vessels around the nail folds, resembling a reddish-purple halo. SLE is caused by the immune system attacking the body’s own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Nail fold telangiectasia is often accompanied…

Signs of infection after ingrown toenail surgery include local inflammation with redness, swelling, and pain; purulent discharge or abscess formation; systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and malaise; and additional signs of wound infection like delayed healing, nail detachment, granulation tissue, and scar formation. Immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions should be especially…

Laser treatment for toenail fungus offers several advantages and disadvantages. Pros include its non-invasive nature, quick treatment times, and potential for a high cure rate. Cons include its cost, potential side effects such as skin irritation or nail damage, and the need for multiple treatments. Medical professionals involved in diagnosing and treating nail fungus include…

Keratin granulation toenail is a rare nail disorder characterized by a buildup of keratin granules beneath the nail plate, causing it to appear thick, yellow, and crumbly. It is often associated with underlying skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or lichen planus, and can be diagnosed through physical examination, KOH preparation, and fungal culture. Treatment…

Nail lichen planus is an interface dermatitis affecting the nail matrix, resulting in transverse grooves (Beau lines) on the nail plate. It arises due to a skin condition called lichen planus, where an autoimmune response targets the basal layer of the epidermis. Treatment options for nail lichen planus include topical or intralesional corticosteroids, topical calcineurin…

Intramedullary nail is a metal rod inserted into the medullary canal of a long bone to stabilize fractures. Cephalomedullary nail is a variation inserted from the bone’s head through the medullary canal for added stability. Both are used to treat femur and tibia fractures, where the femur is classified based on location and severity, while…

DMSO, or dimethyl sulfoxide, is a solvent and antifungal agent that has shown promise as an alternative treatment for toenail fungus, a common foot infection caused by fungi. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of DMSO in inhibiting the growth of fungi responsible for the infection. However, it’s crucial to use DMSO with caution and under…

Nail polish removers are primarily composed of solvents that dissolve the polymers in nail polish, allowing for easy removal. Acetone, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol are commonly used solvents with varying strengths and evaporation rates. Different types of removers cater to specific needs: acetone-based removers are highly effective but can be harsh, while non-acetone removers…

In tibial nail surgery, incisions are made along the tibia (shinbone), into which instrumentation is inserted to insert a tibial nail, which stabilizes the bone and promotes healing. Indications for surgery include fractures, nonunions, and malunions. Contraindications include infection, severe vascular disease, and nerve damage. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding structures….

Clove oil, an essential oil, exhibits antifungal properties against fungal nail infections caused by various pathogens. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting fungal growth and disrupting their cell membranes. Topical application of clove oil may be an effective natural remedy for onychomycosis, offering potential benefits such as minimal side effects and cost-effectiveness. However, it’s important…

Nail lichen planus treatment involves addressing the nail changes caused by the autoimmune condition. Topical therapies include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and retinoids. Systemic therapies such as steroids may be used for severe cases. Physical therapies like phototherapy, laser therapy, and cryotherapy can also be beneficial. Surgical intervention is rarely necessary but may be considered in…