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Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) test evaluates the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which helps maintain visual stability during head movements. The test involves exposing the eyes to a moving visual stimulus (e.g., optokinetic drum or stripes) while measuring eye movements using electrooculography (EOG). OKN is a normal response indicating a functional VOR, while abnormal or absent OKN can…

Strabismus is a condition where the eyes are misaligned, causing double vision and potential amblyopia. It can be inward (esotropia) or outward (exotropia) deviation and is often associated with hyperopia, myopia, and diplopia. Nystagmus, on the other hand, involves involuntary, rhythmic eye movements that can be sinusoidal, jerky, or pendular. It can be acquired later…

Positional alcohol nystagmus is a type of nystagmus, an involuntary eye movement, specifically induced by alcohol consumption. It is characterized by a horizontal or torsional oscillation of the eyes when the head is in certain positions, typically when the head is tilted back. This type of nystagmus is a clinical sign of alcohol intoxication and…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)-related nystagmus results from demyelination, axonal damage, and lesions in various brain structures. It manifests as oscillating or pendular eye movements that can be horizontal, vertical, or torsional. Unilateral or bilateral, nystagmus can vary in amplitude and frequency. Associated ocular symptoms may include oscillopsia, visual instability, and diplopia. Common types seen in MS…

Harvard Square Homeless Shelter is a multifaceted organization addressing homelessness through: – Direct services: providing shelter, food, and support – Advocacy: raising awareness, influencing policies – Partnerships: collaborating with other organizations – Research: advancing knowledge and solutions – Community engagement: empowering the homeless to improve their lives. Direct Service Providers: The Frontline of Homelessness Intervention…

Hennepin County’s shelter-in-place directive aimed to contain the spread of COVID-19 by requiring residents to remain indoors. The three organizations most closely aligned with this effort were the Hennepin County Department of Health (HCDH), which provided public health guidance and support, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), which coordinated statewide response, and the Centers for…

“Fear of homeless people” is a term used to describe the societal stigma and negative attitudes towards individuals experiencing homelessness. It often stems from misconceptions, stereotypes, and fear of the unknown. This fear can manifest in discriminatory practices, avoidance behaviors, and a lack of empathy or understanding towards homeless individuals. Department of Housing and Urban…

In Columbus, Ohio, homelessness is a complex issue addressed by various entities. Nonprofit organizations provide essential services like shelter, meals, and counseling. Government agencies offer housing assistance and support services. The Coalition on Homelessness advocates for policies and coordinates resources. Homeless individuals have access to food banks, healthcare, and other vital services. Supporting efforts includes…

“Homeless by choice” refers to individuals who voluntarily choose to live without a permanent residence. Advocates with exceptional scores of 10 have introduced groundbreaking programs, research, and advocacy efforts to combat homelessness. Organizations with a score of 9 have spearheaded collaborations and initiatives to address root causes. Government agencies with a score of 8 provide…

Homelessness in Spokane is a multifaceted issue addressed by a collaborative network of government agencies, non-profit organizations, and community initiatives. The City’s Homelessness Response Team and Spokane County Department of Human Services lead the efforts, while organizations like Catholic Charities and Community Action Partnership provide essential services. Partnerships and collaborations foster comprehensive strategies, addressing challenges…

Homelessness manifests in various physical, behavioral, cognitive, environmental, and social indicators. Physical signs include unkempt appearance, substance use, malnutrition, and physical injuries. Behavioral signs encompass constant movement, panhandling, public sleeping, and withdrawal. Cognitive and emotional signs involve impaired judgment, anxiety, depression, and self-harm thoughts. Environmental signs include unsafe living conditions, lack of basic necessities, and…

Homelessness and pregnancy pose significant risks to both mother and child. Lack of stable housing, nutrition, and access to healthcare can lead to adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays. Additionally, pregnant women experiencing homelessness may face social stigma, discrimination, and trauma, further compounding their vulnerability. Addressing homelessness during pregnancy requires…