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The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) is a framework that helps design and evaluate behaviour change interventions. It provides a structured approach to understanding behaviour change and identifying the most appropriate intervention techniques. The BCW is based on the COM-B Model, which suggests that behaviour change requires Capability (the skills and knowledge to perform the behaviour),…

Outline for Blog Post on Behavioral Shaping Behavioral shaping involves systematically reinforcing desired behaviors through the principles of operant conditioning. It uses successive approximations, prompts, fading techniques, and differential reinforcement to gradually shape complex behaviors. This approach is commonly used by professionals such as behavior analysts and psychologists to teach new skills, modify problem behaviors,…

Experimental analysis of behavior is a scientific approach to understanding the relationship between behavior and its environmental antecedents and consequences, focusing on quantifiable and observable behaviors. It uses controlled experiments to identify the variables that influence behavior, such as rewards, punishments, and environmental cues. Researchers use methods like single-subject design to isolate the effects of…

A behavior slip is an informal documentation utilized by teachers to monitor and communicate minor student behaviors. Unlike formal behavior referrals, behavior slips focus on less severe incidents that may not warrant further disciplinary action but require attention or parental communication. They serve as a tracking tool for teachers to record behavioral patterns, identify areas…

Habituation, a form of non-associative learning, occurs when a repeated, inconsequential stimulus gradually elicits a weaker response. An example includes a baby’s diminished response to the sound of a vacuum cleaner after repeated exposure. This process involves the adaptation of neural pathways in the brain, specifically in the amygdala and hippocampus, reducing the response to…

In Marxist theory, the state is seen as an instrument of class oppression, reflecting the interests of the bourgeoisie in capitalist societies. It maintains social order through force and coercion, perpetuating the exploitation of the proletariat. This bourgeois state is to be overthrown in a socialist revolution, followed by a “dictatorship of the proletariat” during…

Neo-Marxist theory, rooted in the Frankfurt School, applies Marxist concepts to critique modern society and culture. Neo-Marxists argue that the capitalist system perpetuates alienation, reification, and false consciousness, shaping political and cultural structures. They emphasize the role of ideology and hegemony in maintaining the status quo, focusing on power relations, lived experiences, and cultural production…

Specters of Marx delves into the multifaceted legacy of Marxist thought, exploring its philosophical foundations, influential figures, and cultural expressions. It analyzes the impact of capitalism on society, examining concepts like alienation and class struggle. The text discusses the political ideologies stemming from Marxism, its contemporary relevance, and its contributions to various academic disciplines. Marxist…

In “The Poverty of Philosophy,” Karl Marx engages in a polemic against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon’s mutualist anarchism, critiquing his economic theories and advocating for a revolutionary class struggle. Drawing inspiration from Hegel’s dialectic, Marx argues that capitalism inherently exploits the working class through surplus value, leading to alienation and the necessity of a socialist revolution to…

Lenin’s praxis, a synthesis of Marxist theory and revolutionary practice, emphasized praxis—the unity of theory and practice. Core concepts included dialectical materialism, class struggle, and the vanguard party. Lenin’s praxis influenced the Russian Revolution and shaped Bolshevik policies on land redistribution and nationalization. Despite criticisms of authoritarianism, his ideas on praxis remain influential in contemporary…

Estranged labor, a concept introduced by Karl Marx, describes the alienation of workers from their labor under capitalism. This results from the commodification of labor and its products, creating a disconnect between the worker and the fruits of their toil. Economic alienation extends beyond the workplace, influencing social and cultural aspects of life, as objects…

Species Being Marx encapsulates the concept of species-being, a key tenet in the work of Karl Marx, which suggests that humans are social beings whose essence is realized through their interactions and relationships with others, particularly in productive labor. Marx believed that under capitalism, human potential is alienated as workers are reduced to commodities and…