Directory

Dam construction costs vary significantly depending on factors such as size, type, location, and materials used. A small embankment dam can cost around $1 million, while a large concrete gravity dam can cost over $1 billion. The average cost of a dam in the United States is around $50 million. Government Agencies: Guardians of Dam…

Lost Creek Reservoir, located in the scenic Uinta Mountains of Utah, is a popular destination for recreation and wildlife enthusiasts. The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources manages wildlife populations and habitats, while the U.S. Forest Service protects the forest ecosystem. Lost Creek Reservoir State Park offers fishing, boating, and camping opportunities. The Strawberry Water Users…

The Howard A. Hanson Dam, located on the Skagit River in Washington, is part of the Skagit River Hydroelectric Project. Managed by the Seattle City Light, the dam provides a water source for hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and recreation. Skagit River Sentinels: Meet the Government Watchdogs The Skagit River is a precious gem of…

Big Bend Dam is a hydroelectric project located in South Dakota on the Missouri River. It provides electricity to the region and supports local communities. The dam is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and has a significant impact on water resources in the area. Various government agencies, non-profit organizations, utilities, and Native…

Thomaston Dam, a national historical landmark, is a hydroelectric dam on the Naugatuck River in Thomaston, Connecticut. Its stakeholders include governmental agencies (DEEP, FERC, NRHP) overseeing dam safety and preservation, and non-profits like the Thomaston Dam Task Force advocating for its maintenance. Historical organizations highlight its significance, while Eversource Energy currently operates the dam. Environmental…

Hoover Dam’s weather is dictated by its desert location. Summers are scorching, with average highs exceeding 100°F (38°C), while winters are relatively mild, with average highs ranging from 50–60°F (10–16°C). The area experiences very little rainfall, with an average of just 4 inches (10 cm) per year. The low humidity and clear skies make for…

Before the construction of Hoover Dam, the Colorado River was a raging, uncontrollable force, prone to flooding and drought. Its meandering course created countless wetlands and riparian habitats, but also made it difficult to store and distribute water for irrigation and other purposes. The river’s unpredictable nature hindered the development of the surrounding arid region….

Sampling without replacement is a sampling technique in which each element in the population can be selected only once. This method ensures that the same individual is not sampled multiple times, reducing potential bias. It is used when the population size is small and the same individual being selected multiple times would significantly impact the…

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is a standardized measure of fishing effectiveness, calculated as the number of fish caught per unit of fishing effort (e.g., per hour fished). CPUE is widely used in fisheries management to assess stock abundance and fishing pressure. High CPUE values may indicate abundant fish populations or increased fishing efficiency, while…

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and importance sampling are statistical methods used to draw samples from complex probability distributions. MCMC generates a sequence of dependent samples by repeatedly applying a transition kernel, while importance sampling assigns weights to samples drawn from a different distribution called the importance density. Both methods aim to approximate the target…

Multistage sampling is a complex sampling method where researchers select units in multiple stages. In the first stage, they select primary sampling units (PSUs) from the population. In the second stage, they select secondary sampling units (SSUs) within each PSU. This process can continue through multiple stages, creating a hierarchical structure of sampling units. Multistage…

A primary sampling unit (PSU) is the first level of a hierarchical sampling design. PSUs are geographic or demographic units from which smaller units (e.g., households, individuals) are selected for inclusion in the sample. Examples of PSUs include cities, counties, or census tracts. The selection of PSUs is a crucial step in ensuring that the…