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Continent urinary diversion is a surgical technique that involves creating an internal urinary reservoir and connecting it to the urethra. This allows for urinary incontinence control and the elimination of the need for external appliances. The procedure is typically performed for patients with certain conditions, such as bladder cancer or severe incontinence. Explain the concept…

A bladder volume calculator assists in estimating the volume of urine retained within the bladder, ensuring proper catheterization and avoidance of urinary tract infections. By measuring the time required for bladder filling and drainage, the calculator provides a non-invasive and convenient method for estimating bladder volume. Understanding Bladder Anatomy and Physiology Describe the bladder’s structure,…

A continuous bladder irrigation catheter is a thin, flexible tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra. It is used to continuously drain urine and irrigate the bladder with sterile fluid to prevent blood clots or debris from blocking the catheter. This type of catheter is typically used in situations where the patient has a…

Hydrodistension of the bladder is a treatment option for increasing bladder capacity. It involves gradually stretching the bladder using a hydrodistension pump to reduce pain and discomfort. This technique is often used in conjunction with medications, nerve blocks, or other treatments to improve bladder function in conditions like interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder. Bladder Pain…

Mitomycin bladder instillation is a treatment for superficial bladder cancer, where chemotherapy is directly instilled into the bladder. It works by killing cancer cells that remain after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) surgery. Mitomycin is administered via a catheter and may cause side effects such as bladder irritation, urinary frequency, and nausea. Diagnosing Superficial…

Pediatric bladder capacity refers to the amount of urine a child’s bladder can hold. It is influenced by anatomical structures like the bladder size and surrounding organs. Urine production, storage, and emptying involve complex physiological processes orchestrated by muscles, nerves, and the central nervous system. Bladder capacity is measured using techniques such as uroflowmetry and…

Male bladder capacity generally declines with age, influenced by anatomical, physiological, and lifestyle factors. The bladder’s ability to store urine is affected by its elasticity, which decreases over time. As men age, they may experience lower bladder capacity and decreased voiding efficiency due to conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Other factors, such as fluid…

Urinary bladder calcification, also known as bladder stones, are solid deposits that form in the urinary bladder due to high concentrations of minerals and salts in the urine. They can range in size from small crystals to large, obstructive masses. Bladder stones can cause symptoms such as urinary frequency, pain, and incomplete bladder emptying. They…

Calcification of the bladder occurs when calcium deposits accumulate on the bladder wall. Underlying conditions like infections (e.g., encrusted cystitis), cancer, metabolic disorders, and renal insufficiency can contribute. Risk factors include urinary stasis and stone formation. Ultrasound, cystoscopy, and biopsy aid in diagnosis. Treatment options include cystoscopic removal and laser lithotripsy. Complications may include urinary…

Calculate Bladder Volume Bladder volume can be estimated using various assessment methods. Ultrasound provides real-time imaging to measure bladder volume accurately. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and cystometry are used for detailed assessment and functional evaluation. Suprapubic aspiration involves inserting a needle into the bladder to withdraw urine and calculate volume. Comprehensive Assessment Methods for Bladder…

A continent urinary reservoir is a surgical creation that stores urine post-operatively in selected patients, such as those who have undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. These reservoirs are constructed using various materials (native tissues, synthetic materials) and anatomical structures (appendix, large bowel, ileum) to create a continent stoma. Healthcare Providers: Urologists Continence nurses Urogynecologists…

Gemcitabine Bladder Instillation Protocol: Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used in intravesical instillation, a procedure in which the drug is directly delivered into the bladder. This protocol involves instilling gemcitabine into the bladder through a catheter, with the aim of treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, is often used to numb the bladder…