Directory

Washington v. Harper (1963) marked a pivotal moment in the fight for school desegregation. It consolidated several school desegregation cases and reaffirmed the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), declaring that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Court found that school boards had a clear legal duty to eradicate…

Atkins v. Virginia (2002) established the constitutional prohibition against executing intellectually disabled individuals. This landmark decision relied on closeness scores, which indicate the strength of connections between legal entities and concepts. Key entities with high closeness scores include the Supreme Court, Virginia Supreme Court, and American Bar Association. Notable individuals with high scores are Daryl…

Crigler-Najjar syndrome and Gilbert syndrome are disorders affecting bilirubin metabolism. Crigler-Najjar results from UGT1A1 mutations causing severe bilirubin deficiency, while Gilbert syndrome involves mild deficiency due to TARE mutations. Bilirubin tests, genetic testing, and liver biopsy aid in diagnosis. Phototherapy, blood transfusion, and transplantation are treatment options. Hepatologists, geneticists, and pediatricians manage patients, and support…

Harmelin v. Michigan was a landmark Supreme Court case that challenged the constitutionality of mandatory life sentences for drug offenses. David Harmelin was sentenced to life in prison without parole for possession of 672 grams of cocaine. The Court ruled that the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment applies to non-capital crimes. The…

Navarette v. California involved a legal challenge brought by Jerry Navarette, a California resident, against the state of California. The case centered around the constitutionality of California’s three-strikes law, which imposes harsh penalties on repeat offenders. In the lower courts, Judge Manuel L. Real and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, led by Judge Sandra…

Floyd v. City of New York is a wrongful death lawsuit filed against the City of New York and the New York Police Department by the family of Eric Garner, a Black man who died in 2014 after a police officer placed him in a chokehold while attempting to arrest him for allegedly selling loose…

Chandler v. Florida exemplifies the interplay between legal entities, legal concepts, and individuals in school search cases. The Florida Supreme Court’s ruling upheld the authority of the Florida Department of Education and United States Department of Justice to conduct searches within the Schoolhouse Search Exception. It defines the balance between Fourth Amendment protections and the…

Best Outline for Blog Post Introduction Overview of the concept of “Closeness Score” and its significance Briefly introduce the entities with a Closeness Score of 8-10 Top Closeness Entities (Score 10) Highlight Florida Panthers and Montreal Canadiens as the entities with the highest Closeness Score Discuss their key characteristics and attributes Individuals with Strong Closeness…

In Thurman v. Torrington, Denise Thurman and Gerald Torrington, two employees with close ties (score 10), alleged disparate impact discrimination by the Torrington Company. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) investigated, finding evidence of disparate impact. Disparate impact is an illegal employment practice that occurs when a facially neutral practice or policy results in a…

Arizona v. Gant involved Mark Gant, a suspect in a murder investigation, and Victor Garcia, the victim. After Gant’s arrest, Officer Ryan questioned him without reading Miranda Rights, leading to incriminating statements. The Arizona Supreme Court upheld Gant’s conviction, but the Ninth Circuit overturned it, citing Miranda violations. The US Supreme Court ruled that Gant’s…

Richmond v. Croson, a landmark Supreme Court case, challenged the validity of a minority business enterprise (MBE) ordinance that set aside a percentage of city contracts for minority-owned businesses. The ordinance aimed to address historical discrimination but was struck down as unconstitutional. Key entities involved included the city of Richmond, CEO and AGC (supporting the…

In Heien v. NC, Louis Heien, a white man, and his African American wife, Mildred Jeter, challenged North Carolina’s anti-interracial marriage law. The case was consolidated with Loving v. Virginia, which reached the Supreme Court in 1967. The Court ruled unanimously that interracial marriage bans violated the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the…