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Fulguration of the bladder is a procedure that uses high-frequency electrical current to destroy cancerous or precancerous tissue in the bladder. It is typically performed using a resectoscope, a thin, lighted instrument that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. The resectoscope delivers the electrical current to the tissue, which causes it to vaporize…

Overdistension of the bladder, also known as urinary retention, occurs when the bladder becomes excessively full, putting pressure on the surrounding organs. This condition can result from various factors, including neurological disorders, medications, medical conditions, and an inability to urinate. Overdistension can cause pelvic pain, discomfort, and abdominal fullness. If left untreated, it can lead…

The American Paraplegic Society (APS) provides comprehensive guidelines for urinary management in individuals with spinal cord injuries. These guidelines encompass bladder management techniques, such as intermittent catheterization, suprapubic catheterization, and neurostimulation, as well as management of complications like urinary tract infections, neurogenic bladder, and renal calculi. Adhering to these guidelines is crucial for maintaining urinary…

Bladder pressure monitoring involves measuring the pressure within the bladder during filling and voiding to assess bladder function. It helps diagnose conditions like overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and obstruction. Urologists collaborate with patient organizations to understand patient needs and drive research. Nephrologists contribute to managing bladder conditions, while regulatory agencies ensure treatment safety. Primary care…

Urinary bladder training with a Foley catheter involves inserting a catheter into the bladder to drain urine and promote bladder control. The catheter is typically left in place for a short period, during which time the bladder is gradually trained to hold urine for longer intervals. This technique can be used to address incontinence issues…

Continent urinary diversion is a surgical technique that involves creating an internal urinary reservoir and connecting it to the urethra. This allows for urinary incontinence control and the elimination of the need for external appliances. The procedure is typically performed for patients with certain conditions, such as bladder cancer or severe incontinence. Explain the concept…

A bladder volume calculator assists in estimating the volume of urine retained within the bladder, ensuring proper catheterization and avoidance of urinary tract infections. By measuring the time required for bladder filling and drainage, the calculator provides a non-invasive and convenient method for estimating bladder volume. Understanding Bladder Anatomy and Physiology Describe the bladder’s structure,…

A continuous bladder irrigation catheter is a thin, flexible tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra. It is used to continuously drain urine and irrigate the bladder with sterile fluid to prevent blood clots or debris from blocking the catheter. This type of catheter is typically used in situations where the patient has a…

Hydrodistension of the bladder is a treatment option for increasing bladder capacity. It involves gradually stretching the bladder using a hydrodistension pump to reduce pain and discomfort. This technique is often used in conjunction with medications, nerve blocks, or other treatments to improve bladder function in conditions like interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder. Bladder Pain…

Mitomycin bladder instillation is a treatment for superficial bladder cancer, where chemotherapy is directly instilled into the bladder. It works by killing cancer cells that remain after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) surgery. Mitomycin is administered via a catheter and may cause side effects such as bladder irritation, urinary frequency, and nausea. Diagnosing Superficial…

Pediatric bladder capacity refers to the amount of urine a child’s bladder can hold. It is influenced by anatomical structures like the bladder size and surrounding organs. Urine production, storage, and emptying involve complex physiological processes orchestrated by muscles, nerves, and the central nervous system. Bladder capacity is measured using techniques such as uroflowmetry and…

Male bladder capacity generally declines with age, influenced by anatomical, physiological, and lifestyle factors. The bladder’s ability to store urine is affected by its elasticity, which decreases over time. As men age, they may experience lower bladder capacity and decreased voiding efficiency due to conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Other factors, such as fluid…