Papers

Austrian and Keynesian economics, two contrasting schools of economic thought, differ significantly in their foundational beliefs. Austrian economics, rooted in the works of Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, emphasizes the role of individual liberty, free markets, and the subjectivity of economic value. Keynesian economics, on the other hand, primarily associated with John Maynard Keynes,…

Post Keynesian economists are a group of modern economists who uphold and extend the legacy of John Maynard Keynes. They emphasize the importance of aggregate demand, uncertainty, and imperfections in the market, arguing that these factors can lead to suboptimal economic outcomes. Post Keynesians typically advocate for government intervention to stimulate demand and promote economic…

Economics, the study of resource allocation by individuals and societies, encompasses core concepts like economic systems, indicators, and policies. It examines market structures, from perfect competition to monopolies, analyzing their characteristics and implications. Economics also explores the government’s role in the economy, including its fiscal, monetary, and regulatory functions. International economics examines global trade, exchange…

Economic reasoning assumes individuals rationally allocate scarce resources among competing desires under conditions of uncertainty. It recognizes the interdependence of economic agents and the role of incentives in shaping economic behavior. By understanding these principles, individuals and policymakers can make informed decisions that promote economic efficiency and welfare. Economic Factors: The Invisible Hands That Shape…

Temporal epilepsy personality describes a unique psychological profile seen in individuals with seizures originating in the brain’s temporal lobe. It encompasses anxiety, depression, personality changes, and distinct behavioral patterns such as hypergraphia, hyperreligiosity, and compulsive behaviors. These traits are thought to stem from the neural abnormalities in the temporal lobe that cause seizures. They can…

Non-convulsive seizures, unlike convulsive seizures, do not involve noticeable physical movements. Instead, they manifest as brief lapses of consciousness, accompanied by mental disturbances such as memory lapses, confusion, or staring spells. During these seizures, electrical discharges occur in the brain without causing convulsions. Seizures with High Ratings: Breaking Down Focal and Generalized Seizures Let’s talk…

Hallucinations in elderly individuals can arise from various underlying causes, including cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and neurological conditions like Parkinson’s or Lewy body dementia. Medical conditions, infections, and substance use can also contribute to hallucinations. Environmental and social factors, such as isolation and sensory deprivation, may further impact mental well-being. Additionally, neuropsychiatric syndromes like delirium…

癫痫（Chinese Epilepsy）是一种常见的慢性神经系统疾病，其特征是反复发作的癫痫发作，这些发作是由大脑中神经元异常放电引起的。癫痫的病因可能包括脑损伤、感染、遗传或不明原因。诊断通常通过病史、身体检查和脑电图检查。治疗包括抗癫痫药物、手术和迷走神经刺激。预后取决于发作类型、病因和治疗反应。影响预后的因素包括年龄、发作频率和合并症。预防取决于病因，可能包括接种和避免触发因素。癫痫是一个与癫痫发作、神经元和抗惊厥药等相关概念相关的复杂疾病。 Etiology and Pathogenesis: Unraveling the Origins and Development of Disease Every disease has a tale to tell, a narrative of its origins and how it unfolds within our bodies. In this section, we’ll delve into the etiology and pathogenesis of your condition, deciphering the secrets behind its inception and progression. Etiology, like a…

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder, causes recurring seizures characterized by loss of consciousness or abnormal movements. Seizures vary in type and intensity and can result from head injuries, strokes, or genetic factors. Anticonvulsants, surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation are treatment options. Diagnosis involves electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify brain abnormalities. Support organizations…

Hallucinations after stroke are visual perceptions experienced in the absence of external stimuli. Neurologically, they can stem from conditions like posterior cerebral artery stroke and Lewy body dementia, involving dysregulation of dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Psychological factors such as stress, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment contribute to their occurrence. Cognitive and perceptual alterations, including altered…

Can E-Cigarettes Cause Seizures? Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions worldwide. While research on the link between e-cigarettes and seizures is ongoing, neurologists and epileptologists play a crucial role in studying and treating this condition. Regulatory agencies like the FDA ensure the safety and efficacy of epilepsy medications. Research institutions like…

Hallucinations, including visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory types, may occur as a side effect of donepezil in Alzheimer’s and dementia patients. Management involves reducing donepezil dosage, discontinuation, or prescription of antipsychotics. Other contributing factors, such as advanced age, history of psychosis, concomitant antipsychotic use, and high donepezil doses, can exacerbate hallucinations. Entities Associated with…