Papers

Late-onset seizures are seizures that occur for the first time in individuals over the age of 65. They are less common than childhood- or adult-onset seizures, accounting for approximately 20-30% of all newly diagnosed cases. Risk factors for late-onset seizures include Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, brain tumors, and vascular cognitive impairment. Understanding Epilepsy: Demystifying the Mystery…

Insular lobe seizures, a subtype of temporal lobe seizures, arise from the insular cortex. They are characterized by prominent autonomic symptoms, such as sweating, pupillary dilation, and salivation. Additional features may include olfactory or gustatory hallucinations, nausea, and dizziness. These seizures are often difficult to localize using standard EEG recordings, and magnetic resonance imaging may…

Gradual onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a rare type of chronic childhood arthritis that develops over several weeks or months. It is characterized by fever, rash, joint pain, and internal organ involvement. Unlike other types of JIA, which typically affect only a few joints, SJIA can cause widespread joint inflammation and can lead…

Non-epileptic seizures after head injury, also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), are episodes that resemble epileptic seizures but are caused by psychological factors. These seizures often mimic symptoms of epileptic seizures, such as shaking, loss of consciousness, and incontinence. Unlike epileptic seizures, PNES are not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and…

Command auditory hallucinations involve neurological and neurochemical disturbances within the auditory cortex and temporal lobes, often linked to hyperdopaminergic activity in psychosis. Dysregulation of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters contributes to deficits in perception and cognition. Additionally, external factors such as substance abuse (amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens), and certain medical conditions (temporal lobe epilepsy) can trigger psychotic…

Subclinical seizures are a type of electrographic seizure that does not manifest with clinical symptoms visible to an observer. These seizures are detected through electroencephalography (EEG), which records abnormal brain activity patterns. Subclinical seizures can occur in both epileptic and non-epileptic individuals. In epilepsy, subclinical seizures may precede clinical seizures or occur independently. While not…

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, can impact mental health, increasing the risk of anxiety. Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, can manifest with constant worry, fear, and physical symptoms like palpitations or shortness of breath. Understanding the nature of seizures and epilepsy, including distinctions between focal and generalized…

Parietal Lobe Epilepsy FMRI: Understanding the Brain’s Response to Seizures. Explores the specific brain regions and functional networks in the parietal lobe impacted by epileptic seizures. The discussion covers the advanced fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) technique used to investigate the brain’s response during seizures, providing insights into the altered activity patterns and affected neural…

Hallucinations, sensory experiences without external stimuli, occur in various conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS-related hallucinations frequently involve vivid visual phenomena, often with complex geometric patterns and bright colors, and may also include auditory, tactile, olfactory, or gustatory perceptions. Pathophysiology involves complex interactions between demyelination, inflammation, and neurochemical alterations in the brain, leading to disrupted…

Seizures with normal EEG and MRI are a subset of epilepsy characterized by episodes of abnormal brain activity that cannot be detected on standard EEG or MRI scans. This poses diagnostic challenges and can lead to misdiagnosis as non-epileptic events. Entities with high closeness rating, such as idiopathic generalized epilepsy, are often associated with typical…

Tourette’s and Seizures: Tourette’s syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, involuntary movements and vocalizations. Seizures, on the other hand, are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain, causing changes in consciousness, movement, and sensory perception. Both conditions can have a significant impact on individuals, affecting their social, emotional, and physical well-being. Understanding Medical…

癫痫发作是一种由大脑异常放电引起的短暂性神经活动紊乱，表现为突发性、短暂的运动、感觉、意识、行为或自主神经功能异常。 Definition and prevalence of epilepsy Impact of epilepsy on individuals and society Imagine a world where seemingly random electrical storms erupt in your brain, disrupting your life like a rogue hacker wreaking havoc on your body’s systems. That’s the enigmatic world of epilepsy, a condition that affects millions worldwide. Epilepsy is like a mischievous…