Papers

Hemoglobin’s solubility enables it to dissolve readily in blood plasma, allowing it to bind to oxygen and transport it throughout the body. This solubility is influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of other molecules, which can affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. Adequate hemoglobin solubility is crucial for proper oxygen…

Mu rhythm EEG occurs when a person is at rest and not actively engaged in movement or sensory processing. It is characterized by a prominent rhythm in the 8-12 Hz frequency range, which is recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Mu rhythm is thought to reflect the inhibition of motor output and is suppressed during movement…

Sweat artifact in EEG arises from the electrical conductivity of sweat, which can contaminate EEG signals by producing slow waves. These waves can mimic brain activity, particularly in frontal and temporal regions. Sweat artifact is influenced by factors like exercise, arousal, and temperature. Removing sweat artifact is crucial for accurate EEG interpretation. Techniques include software…

POC EEG faces technical limitations, including limited channels and electrodes, artifacts from muscle activity and equipment, insufficient scalp coverage, and scalp distortion. External factors like noise, data transmission, and storage issues affect signal quality. Regulatory hurdles, reimbursement constraints, and personnel training impact device adoption and interpretation. These limitations restrict POC EEG’s effectiveness, highlighting the need…

Cold limb exposure triggers physiological, neurological, and biochemical responses, including electromyography (EMG) changes, vasoconstriction, hypothermia, shivering, and altered muscle fiber conduction velocity. It can affect motor neurons, the neuromuscular junction, and peripheral nerves, leading to reduced muscle function. Cold exposure also induces biochemical changes, such as increased lactate production and reduced ATP availability. EMG, surface…

Breach rhythm EEG is a type of electroencephalography (EEG) that is used to diagnose and monitor epilepsy. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain. Breach rhythm EEG can detect abnormal brain activity that can indicate epilepsy, such as spikes or sharp waves. It can also be used…

PLEDS (periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges) are a type of interictal activity seen in EEG recordings. They appear as rhythmic, sharp waves that occur unilaterally or focally in one hemisphere of the brain. They are often associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and can be useful in localizing the seizure onset zone. Epileptiform Activity: The Brain’s Electrical…

Phase reversal EEG is a neurological phenomenon observed in the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, characterized by an abrupt change in the phase of a specific brainwave across different brain regions. It indicates a shift in the direction of neural activity and neuronal synchronization, often associated with specific cognitive processes, such as memory retrieval or attention allocation….

Split night polysomnography is a diagnostic technique that involves dividing a single night’s sleep study into two parts. The first part evaluates sleep architecture and sleep-related breathing events. If significant sleep apnea is detected, the second part is converted into a therapeutic trial with the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This technique helps…

Excessive beta activity on an EEG can indicate a heightened state of alertness or arousal, which may be associated with conditions such as anxiety, stress, or hyperactivity. It can also be a sign of seizures, particularly in the temporal lobe, and may be observed in individuals with epilepsy. In some cases, excessive beta activity can…

EEG brain death, the irreversible cessation of brain activity, is determined using clinical EEG. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurate brain death diagnosis. Key professional organizations include the American Academy of Neurology and the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, providing guidelines and standards. Research institutions like the Mayo Clinic and UCLA conduct groundbreaking studies on…

Essential Partners in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Essential partners in EMS include authoritative organizations that set standards and certification, educational institutions that train skilled EMTs, government agencies that oversee regulations and funding, and healthcare providers that deliver emergency care and support insurance coverage. These entities collaborate to ensure that EMTs are qualified, regulated, and supported…