OHT (other hearing problems) is a medical abbreviation used to describe various conditions and issues related to hearing loss that do not fall into specific medical categories discussed in the provided text. It encompasses a range of hearing impairments that may have different causes and require tailored management approaches and interventions. Medical Conditions That Can…

The scratch test for liver is a diagnostic tool used to assess liver function. It involves scratching the skin and observing the time it takes for the resulting scratch to heal. In cases of liver disease, the inability of bile to flow out of the liver into the small intestine can result in the accumulation…

pKa misregulation in the liver disrupts signal transduction pathways crucial for hepatic functions. Alterations in cAMP, EGF, and MAPK signaling can lead to impaired metabolic processes, such as gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. This disruption contributes to the development and progression of liver diseases like NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying…

Liver wedge biopsy involves removing a larger, triangular-shaped piece of liver tissue through a small incision in the abdomen. This method provides a more comprehensive view of the liver’s architecture and allows for a detailed examination of the liver’s structure and histology. It is typically used to diagnose and assess liver diseases such as cirrhosis,…

An echogenic hepatic lesion on ultrasound is a well-defined, bright area that often represents a benign condition. It can be caused by various lesions, including focal nodular hyperplasia, hemangiomas, and hepatic adenomas. These lesions typically have a characteristic appearance on imaging, making it crucial to differentiate them from neoplastic or inflammatory lesions. Focal Nodular Hyperplasia…

Mallory bodies liver is a pathological finding characterized by the presence of Mallory bodies, which are eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions found in hepatocytes. These bodies are composed of aggregated intermediate filaments and are associated with severe liver diseases, particularly alcoholic liver disease and Wilson’s disease. The presence of Mallory bodies indicates significant liver damage and can…

MRI liver with Eovist is an advanced imaging technique that utilizes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and an intravenous contrast agent called Eovist (gadoxetic acid disodium) to provide detailed images of the liver. Eovist acts as a “tracer” that selectively enhances the visibility of liver tissue, enabling radiologists to accurately assess liver function, detect…

Liver abscess sonography reveals an intra-abdominal abscess as a fluid-filled cavity with thick echogenic walls, internal echoes, gas, septae, and loculations. Associated conditions include biliary disease, trauma, and infections. The abscess progresses through early, mature, and regression stages, with potential complications such as rupture and sepsis. Treatment involves antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, or surgery. Core Findings:…

Closeness score signifies the relevance of an entity to the topic. Entities with higher closeness scores are more closely related. Malaria (score: 10): Characterized by fever, chills, and anemia. Malaria parasites infect red blood cells and can lead to splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). Splenic calcification can be a complication of chronic malaria. Sickle Cell Anemia (score:…

A liver hematoma is a collection of blood within the liver tissue. It can be classified as subcapsular (beneath the liver capsule), intraparenchymal (within the liver substance), or both. Liver hematomas can result from trauma, surgical complications, underlying liver diseases, or bleeding disorders. They may cause abdominal pain, jaundice, or decreased blood pressure. Diagnosis typically…

Mallory hyaline liver is a liver disease characterized by the presence of Mallory bodies, cytoplasmic protein aggregates found in hepatocytes. These bodies indicate severe alcoholic or metabolic liver damage. In severe cases of alcoholic liver disease, larger Mallory Councilman bodies are present. Mallory hyaline liver is associated with hepatomegaly, ascites, edema, and impaired liver function….

Ground glass hepatocytes exhibit granular cytoplasm with reduced staining intensity, enlarged nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. These histologic findings indicate liver disease, often associated with viral hepatitis and liver inflammation. Diagnosis involves liver biopsy or advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry. Entities like chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis relate closely. Treatment depends on the underlying pathology. The prognosis varies…