Intestinal neuronal dysplasia is a rare condition characterized by abnormal development of the nerves in the intestines, resulting in functional impairments. This can lead to problems such as chronic constipation, abdominal pain, and intestinal obstruction. The exact cause is unknown, but genetic factors may play a role. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and preventing complications,…

Intestinal metaplasia, a precursor to stomach adenocarcinoma, significantly elevates its risk. However, the exact percentage of metaplasia that develops into cancer is not specified in the provided text. Precursor Lesions to Adenocarcinoma: Your Body’s Early Warning System Hey there, friends! Let’s dive into a little health chat that may not be the most glamorous topic,…

Gastric releasing peptide (GRP) is a hormone produced by the stomach and small intestine. It stimulates the release of gastric acid and pepsin from the stomach, and inhibits the release of somatostatin. GRP also stimulates the growth of the pancreas and small intestine. It is a member of the bombesin family of peptides, which also…

Gastric Dieulafoy lesion is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a bleeding artery in the stomach or duodenum. It results from a mucosal erosion exposing an abnormally large submucosal artery, which may lead to massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptoms include hematemesis (vomiting blood) and/or melena (dark, tarry stools). Diagnosis is typically made through…

An adenoma of the duodenum is a benign neoplasm that develops in the glandular tissue lining the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. It is a rare condition, accounting for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Risk factors for its development include age, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, GERD, and Helicobacter pylori infection….

CA stomach TNM staging is a classification system used to describe the extent of gastric cancer and guide treatment decisions. Key tumor characteristics include size, location, grade, and histological type. The TNM system evaluates tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and distant metastasis (M). Staging systems include the AJCC 8th edition and the Japanese…

Secretin is a hormone released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme entering from the stomach. It stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid, which neutralizes the acidic chyme and creates a more alkaline environment in the duodenum, optimal for enzyme activity. The Orchestra of Your Gut: A Harmony of Gastrointestinal Hormones Imagine your…

The TNM staging system for gastric cancer is a critical tool for assessing the extent and severity of the disease. It classifies tumors based on their size, location, and involvement of lymph nodes and distant organs. The T stage describes the primary tumor’s characteristics, while the N stage indicates the extent of regional lymph node…

Ectopic gastric mucosa refers to the presence of gastric tissue outside its usual location in the stomach. It can occur in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, and even Meckel’s diverticulum. Ectopic gastric mucosa can secrete hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which can lead to inflammation, ulceration, and other complications….

Gastric ectopic mucosa refers to the presence of gastric-type mucosa in non-gastric locations, such as the esophagus, small intestine, or colon. It can arise from congenital anomalies or acquired conditions, often associated with Barrett’s esophagus or Crohn’s disease. Diagnosis involves biopsies, endoscopy, and imaging techniques. Treatment options include medical therapy, endoscopic therapy, and surgery. Gastric…

Benign duodenal mucosa refers to a normal and healthy lining of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. It features intact villi, the finger-like projections responsible for nutrient absorption. Benign duodenal mucosa is free from inflammation, erosion, or abnormal growths, indicating a healthy and functioning digestive system. Exploring the Duodenal Mucosa: A Journey…

Gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia refers to the replacement of the normal gastric lining with intestinal-type glands and cells. This condition is often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma, which increase the risk of developing gastric atrophy. The pathogenesis involves chronic inflammation, loss of gastric glands, and compensatory growth of intestinal-type epithelium. Clinically,…