Osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine, also known as pyogenic spondylodiscitis, is an infection of the vertebral bodies caused by bacteria. Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Symptoms typically include back pain, fever, and malaise. Diagnosis involves blood cultures, tissue biopsy, and imaging tests such as X-ray, CT, and MRI. Treatment generally involves antibiotics…

Laser capture osteoclasts in vivo involves using a laser to selectively isolate live osteoclasts from bone tissue in living animals. This technique allows researchers to study the function and regulation of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for bone resorption, in their native environment. By capturing osteoclasts directly from bone, scientists can gain insights into their…

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor that typically presents in adolescents and young adults. On MRI, it appears as a small, well-circumscribed lesion with a central nidus and surrounding bone edema. The nidus is typically less than 2 cm in size and demonstrates low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on…

Osteomyelitis of the calcaneus, a bacterial infection of the heel bone, typically arises from hematogenous spread or direct inoculation. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Risk factors include diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and trauma. Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness, and fever. Diagnosis is confirmed through imaging, blood tests, and…

Differential diagnosis of bone tumors on radiographs involves considering a wide range of possibilities, including benign entities such as osteochondroma, enchondroma, aneurysmal bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, and nonossifying fibroma, as well as malignant tumors like osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Closely related entities include osteochondroma, enchondroma, and giant cell tumor of…

Juxta articular osteopenia, a condition characterized by decreased bone density adjacent to joints, is often associated with joint pain and stiffness. It can occur due to various factors, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosing and assessing juxta articular osteopenia, with X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs providing…

Skull base osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone at the base of the skull. It can cause pain, swelling, headache, and neurological deficits. The most common causes are bacterial and fungal infections, as well as vascular invasion from adjacent sinuses or ears. Diagnosis is made with skull X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and biopsies….

Osteitis condensans ilii is a condition characterized by subperiosteal new bone formation in the iliac crest, often associated with pregnancy, childbirth, or menopause. It can cause unilateral gluteal or hip pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion. Imaging findings include sclerotic thickening of the iliac crest on CT and bone marrow edema on MRI. Gluteal…

Osteochondritis is an example of a joint condition. It occurs when there is a disruption in the blood supply to the bone and cartilage in a joint, causing damage and inflammation. This can lead to pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the joint. Treatment options may include rest, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Highly Related…

Osteoma of the mandible is a benign tumor composed of mature bone tissue. It typically presents as a slow-growing, asymptomatic swelling on the mandible. The etiology is unknown, but it is believed to arise from the overgrowth of osteoblasts. Imaging techniques such as radiography, CT, and MRI can aid in diagnosis by revealing a radiopaque…

Bone cancer in the clavicle, also known as clavicular osteosarcoma, is a rare and aggressive tumor that develops in the bone tissue of the collarbone. It can manifest as a primary tumor originating in the clavicle or as a secondary (metastatic) lesion from cancer elsewhere in the body. Clavicular bone cancer often presents with pain,…

Osteonecrosis of the navicular bone, a condition caused by impaired blood supply, results in the death of bone tissue within the navicular bone of the foot. Vascular insufficiency may arise from trauma or idiopathic factors. Risk factors include foot injuries and structural deformities like flatfoot. Patients typically experience foot pain, swelling, and stiffness. Diagnosis involves…