The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is a screening tool used to identify children who have experienced potentially traumatic events and who may be experiencing symptoms of trauma. The checklist consists of 25 items that assess for common symptoms of trauma in children, including intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in cognitions and mood, and…

Trauma-informed care in the workplace entails understanding and responding to employees’ past traumatic experiences to create a safe, supportive environment. By promoting accountability and responsibility, it reduces stigma, enhances communication, and fosters a sense of belonging. This approach aligns with government regulations, professional standards, advocacy efforts, research, and training initiatives, ensuring workplaces are responsive to…

Chapter four of the trauma narrative focuses on organizations and professionals involved in trauma-informed care. Key organizations include the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Child Trauma Academy, and Trauma-Informed Care Institute. Healthcare professionals involved in trauma care include child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists. Leading research institutions in trauma research include Harvard University Trauma…

Lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate (LPIS) is a measure of inflammation in the brain, with high scores (8-10) indicating significant immune cell infiltration around blood vessels. Conditions associated with high LPIS include multiple sclerosis, where inflammation plays a crucial role in disease progression. Lupus, an autoimmune disease, can also affect the central nervous system, with inflammation leading…

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia refers to the presence of enlarged, active lymphoid follicles in response to chronic antigenic stimulation. Entities with a closeness score of 10 include benign lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphoid follicle hyperplasia, and reactive follicular hyperplasia, all characterized by increased lymphoid follicles with germinal centers, but differing in distribution and associated inflammatory infiltrate. Dive Deep…

Intravascular large cell lymphoma (IVLCL) is a rare and aggressive hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of large atypical lymphocytes within the lumina of blood vessels. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and organ dysfunction. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation;…

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a rare, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the diffuse infiltration of atypical T-cells into the liver and spleen, leading to organomegaly. Clinical manifestations include constitutional symptoms such as fever and fatigue, along with laboratory findings like elevated liver enzymes, serum ferritin, and cytopenias. Histopathologically, HSTL exhibits a sinusoidal pattern of…

Grey zone lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that shares features of both indolent and aggressive lymphomas. Its microscopic appearance is characterized by a follicular growth pattern with atypical cells, resembling indolent B-cell lymphomas. However, the presence of MYC translocation, typically associated with aggressive lymphomas, complicates its classification. Grey zone lymphoma exhibits an…

Leukemic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It affects the B cells in the mantle zone of lymph nodes and can spread to the bone marrow, blood, and other organs. MCL is characterized by the presence of a specific genetic abnormality involving the t(11;14) translocation. It is a…

Peripheral T-lymphoma, a malignancy of T-lymphocytes, presents with enlarged lymph nodes, skin lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, and constitutional symptoms. Histologically, it exhibits atypical T-cell infiltration, including angiocentricity, epidermotropism, and necrosis. Genetic alterations involving genes like NOTCH1, STAT3, and TNFAIP3 drive disease progression. Differential diagnosis includes reactive lymphadenopathy and other lymphomas. Staging involves physical examination, imaging, and bone…

In pathology, a closeness rating of 8-10 indicates highly related conditions. Benign lymphoid aggregate shares this rating with mucosal hyperplasia, follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, and Castleman’s disease. Mucosal hyperplasia results from chronic inflammation and can resemble lymphoid neoplasms. Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia involves lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers, mimicking low-grade lymphomas. Castleman’s disease is a rare…

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT) is a rare and aggressive type of lymphoma originating in the nasal cavity. Linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, risk factors include Asian ancestry and environmental exposures. Nasal symptoms, facial pain, and neurological signs often present. Pathologically, atypical lymphocytes and an angiocentric growth pattern are seen. Diagnosis involves…