Primary mediastinal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PMDLBCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that predominantly affects young females. It is characterized by an anterior mediastinal mass that may cause extraluminal compression, resulting in symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and superior vena cava syndrome. Diagnosis involves mediastinal mass biopsy and immunohistochemistry, showing a germinal center…

Cancer from being on a submarine, also known as lymphoma, is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that help fight infection. Lymphoma can occur in any part of the body, but it is most commonly found in the lymph nodes, spleen, and…

Lymphoma double hit refers to a specific genetic alteration in lymphoma cells, characterized by the presence of two or more specific genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities often involve alterations in certain genes, such as MYC and BCL2, leading to increased cell growth and resistance to cell death. Lymphoma double hit is associated with aggressive clinical behavior,…

Extranodal T cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs outside of the lymph nodes in organs like the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or lung. It’s associated with symptoms like skin rashes, gastrointestinal disturbances, or respiratory issues. Histologically, it exhibits atypical lymphoid cells and a pleomorphic infiltrate. Immunophenotypically, it’s characterized by CD3+, CD4+,…

Triple-hit lymphomas are rare and aggressive B-cell lymphomas characterized by chromosomal translocations involving the MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 genes. These occur in various lymphoma subtypes, including DLBCL, PMBL, and central nervous system lymphoma, and are associated with a dismal prognosis. Clinical features include CNS involvement and bone marrow infiltration. Treatment involves a multifaceted approach with…

Marginal lymphoma treatment involves targeted drugs (e.g., venetoclax, ibrutinib), immunotherapy drugs (e.g., rituximab, obinutuzumab), chemotherapy regimens (e.g., CHOP, R-CHOP), radiation therapy (e.g., external beam), and stem cell transplants (e.g., autologous). These approaches aim to eliminate cancer cells, control symptoms, and improve overall outcomes. Targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs are often used in combination with chemotherapy…

Double hit large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of two genetic alterations, often involving the MYC and BCL2 or BCL6 genes. Histologically, DLBCL is characterized by large, atypical lymphoid cells with prominent nucleoli. Clinical features include rapidly progressive lymphadenopathy, extranodal…

Outline for Blog Post on Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Introduction Definition of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) Overview of the different types of NHLs Follicular Lymphoma Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics Genetic alterations Clinical features Variants of follicular lymphoma Treatment options Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Germinal Center Type Histological and immunohistochemical findings Genetic testing Clinical presentation Treatment approaches Mantle Cell…

Ulcerating midline lymphoma (UML) is a rare, extranodal, aggressive B-cell lymphoma primarily involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck. It typically presents as a solitary, ulcerated lesion with rolled borders and a necrotic base. Histologically, UML is characterized by a dense infiltrate of atypical lymphoid cells with a centroblastic or immunoblastic…

Lymphoid aggregates, such as lymphoid follicles and Peyer’s patches, are clusters of immune cells found throughout the body. While lymphoid aggregates are part of the normal immune system, certain conditions and risk factors can increase the risk of cancer development within these aggregates. Cancers associated with lymphoid aggregates include extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated…

Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in lymph nodes. It is characterized by the presence of small, mature B cells with a distinct morphology, known as monocytoid B cells. NMZL is a relatively rare subtype of MZL, accounting for approximately 5% of all MZL cases. The…

Peripheral T cell lymphoma prognosis is influenced by various factors such as stage, IPI score, age, performance status, extranodal involvement, LDH levels, hemoglobin, WBC and platelet counts, gene expression profiling, chemotherapy response, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplant. Staging: A Map of Lymphoma’s Journey Imagine non-Hodgkin lymphoma as an army of rogue cells, invading different…